A QUALIDADE DE ECOSSISTEMAS ESTUARINOS IMPACTADOS PELA AÇÃO ANTRÓPICA NO PERÍODO QUATERNÁRIO
UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA SOBRE A BAÍA DE GUANABARA/RJ
Palavras-chave:
estuários, contaminação, eutrofização
Resumo
Os estuários, que são ambientes transicionais sensíveis entre bacias hidrográficas e oceano, têm sido amplamente impactados por atividades industriais, metalúrgicas, minerárias e pela ausência de saneamento básico adequado. Nesse sentido, o estuário da Baía de Guanabara, localizado em uma área densamente urbanizada do estado do Rio de Janeiro, avulta-se como objeto de estudo em diversas pesquisas, tendo em consideração os altos índices de poluição e a necessidade da atuação e efetividade da gestão ambiental. O objetivo principal foi pautado na compreensão da interferência humana em relação ao comprometimento da sustentabilidade do ecossistema estuarino tropical brasileiro. As etapas metodológicas consistiram em uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, utilizando strings de busca e métodos de filtragem: Identificação, Seleção, Elegibilidade e Exclusão. Como resultados, obtiveram-se as seguintes constatações: Os principais vetores de disseminação de poluentes nos corpos hídricos na Baía de Guanabara são os complexos industriais, metalúrgicos, minerários e a própria urbanização; A densidade urbana ao redor da Baía de Guanabara possibilita o despejo de esgotos e efluentes domésticos, contribuindo para a ocorrência da eutrofização; A eutrofização é responsável pelo comprometimento da qualidade do ecossistema; A ressuspensão é comum na baía de Guanabara devido a processos de dragagem e podem intensificar os danos ambientais.
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NIENCHESKI, L.F.; JAHNKE, R. A. Benthic Respiration and Inorganic Nutrient Fluxesin the Estuarine Region of Patos Lagoon (Brazil). Aquatic Geochemistry, n.8, p. 135–152, 2002. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1024207220266.
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GARCÍA-AYLLÓN, S. Diagnosis of complex coastal ecological systems: environmental GIS analysis of a highly stressed Mediterranean lagoon through spatiotemporal indicators. Ecological Indicators, 83, 451–462p., 2017. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1470160X17304922.
GRAY, J.S. Biomagnification in Marine Systems: The Perspective of an Ecologist. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 45, p. 46-52, 2002. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X0100323X.
GUSTAVSON, K. E.; BURTON, G. A.; FRANCINGUES, N. R.; REIBLE, D. D.; VORHEES, D. J.; WOLFE, J. R. Evaluating the effectiveness of contaminated-sediment dredging. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, n. 14, p. 5042–5047, 2008.
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JAHAN, S.; STREZOV, V. Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of seaports of NSW, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, 295–306p., 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X1830047X.
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